关于最优等效替代法的实质及其应用条件的研究

本文研究了经济分析基本方法之一最优等效替代法的实质,系统地导出了被评价方案的绝对经济指标与相对经济指标的关系,并结合典型案例分析指出了该方法的应用条件,对正确进行建设项目的经济评价具有现实意义。     

抽油机技术经济指标的模糊综合评价

针对我国抽油机评价过于笼统、模糊，缺乏全面性和综合性以及评价方法可操作性差的现状，提出了抽油机技术经济指标模糊综合评价方法。在确定抽油机评价指标的层次体系基础上，建立了抽油机技术经济指标模糊综合评价的数学模型，并以某厂CYJ10－3－53HB型抽油机为实例，对其运动和动力性能作了综合评价。这种模糊综合评价方法全面考虑各种性能指标以及它们对抽油机总体性能影响的不同程度，能得到较合理的评价结果，而且有较强的可操作性。     

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通过对J.J.Arps方程的推导,提出了油气藏产量递减曲线分析的最佳拟合法。用该法可直接求出递减指数N、初始递减率D1及油气递减前的稳定产量Qi,避免了使用试差法的大量运算过程,大大提高了油气藏工程中指标预测的精度。     

A Novel Topological Index F and Its Correlation With Standard Formaton Enthalpies of AB_n(g) Molecules

The topological index F* is defined and obtained by the method of a non-dimensional unit calculation in which three matrices multiply with each other. These matrices represent the connective cases of atoms in a molecule, the structural features of atoms on top and the bonded cases of the adjacent atoms respectively. The standard formation enthalpies of ABn(g) molecules were correlated with F'* (A = C, Al, Si, Ti, Zr, B = F, Cl, Br, I, H, n=1 -4) and these correlation coefficients are all more than 0.96. Some molecules (e.g CH4, SiH4,etc. )can be preferably handled by F* but can not be dealt with by other topological indices. By contrast to traditional hydrogen suppressed graph, the contribution of hydrogen atoms to structures and properties of molecules is considered.     

应用地层测试流动段资料确定油井稳定产能方法研究

提出了一种根据地层测试流动段压力资料预测油井稳定产能的方法，该方法以比采油指数作为对比参数，对测试比采油指数的计算进行了推导，采用回归分析方法建立了测试比采油指数和生产比采油指数之间的关系式。应用建立的关系式对其它井的稳定产能进行了预测，误差分析表明预测结果比较正确。     

钻井企业技术创新评价模型研究

随着中国钻井企业改革的深化和市场经济的不断发展完善，在中国钻井企业中将会出现技术创新的热潮。以当前钻井企业所面临的问题与挑战为背景，根据近年来国内外技术创新与评价理论的最新研究成果，结合当前钻井企业技术创新的实际，构建了钻井企业技术创新评价指标体系，运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法构建了钻井企业的技术创新评价模型，并进行了实例分析。     

Valley floor landscape change following almost 100 years of flood embankment abandonment on a wandering gravel‐bed river

Critical to restoring the nature conservation value of many river corridors is an understanding of how alluvial landscapes will respond to cessation of river management and land use practices that have previously degraded the environment. This paper analyses changes in valley floor landforms and vegetation patch dynamics, in relation to fluvial disturbance, over a period of almost 100 years following flood embankment abandonment on a wandering gravel‐bed river, namely the River Tummel, Scotland. Such rivers were once typical of many draining upland areas of northern maritime Europe. Prior to abandonment the valley floor landscape was agriculturally dominated and the river for the most part was single thread confined between flood embankments. The pattern of landform change and vegetation patch development over time following a decision in 1903 not to maintain embankments was tracked by geomorphic and land cover mapping utilizing successive sets of aerial photography for the period 1946 to 1994. A historical context for these changes was also feasible because the channel planform in 1900 and earlier channel planform changes dating back to 1753 were known due to the availability of old maps and earlier geomorphic studies. The land cover mapping was validated by comparison of results produced from the interpretation work on the 1994 aerial photographs with the field‐based UK National Vegetation Classification protocol. The findings of the study illustrate that bordering the River Tummel fluvial landforms and vegetation patch mosaics, presumably resembling those that occurred before valley floor land use intensification, evolved in less than 50 years after flood embankment abandonment with a resultant increase in habitat diversity. The change relates primarily to flood‐induced channel planform change and moderate levels of fluvial disturbance. The general significance of this change to plant species diversity on the valley floor of the River Tummel and elsewhere is discussed as is possible implications of the upstream impoundment and scenarios for climatically induced changes in flood frequency and magnitude. The overall outcome is the strong possibility that simple changes in river management and land use practices could result in re‐establishment of the nature conservation value of similar river corridors in Europe over the medium term without active restoration efforts. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于TOPMODEL的DEM空间尺度转换关系探讨

由于地形指数的计算与数字高程模型DEM空间分辨率紧密联系,采用TOPMODEL进行水文过程的模拟通常受到DEM分辨率的影响。本文引入分辨率因子考虑DEM分辨率对单宽上坡集水面积的影响;对坡度应用分形的方法,将计算地形指数的尺度变化方法与TOPMODEL进行耦合,构建不受DEM分辨率影响的TOPMODEL,并将其应用于褒河流域的9场次洪模拟,结果表明,使用27″分辨率的DEM数据作为模型输入,不受DEM分辨率影响的TOPMODEL模拟得到的结果较接近于3″分辨率DEM数据下的结果。该方法能在一定程度上削弱DEM分辨率对TOPMODEL模拟精度的影响,是一种合理可行解决水文过程中尺度问题的有力工具。     

健康长江评价指标体系与标准研究

科学的指标体系和标准是评价河流健康状况的技术依据。根据科学性、代表性、创新性等原则，运用主成分分析法和聚类分析法．构建了健康长江评价指标体系，包括河岸稳定性、河床稳定性等19个定量指标和水系连通性、河岸栖息地状况和珍稀水生动物存活状况3个定性指标；给出了相应指标的量化评价方法，并通过国内外相关研究成果的综合分析．提出了健康长江的评价标准及分类标准，为维持河流健康理论发展提供了新方法。     

自聚焦棒耦合性能的分析

本文采用光线光学的原理分析了自聚焦棒（ＧＲＩＮ）的光学性能，在折射率分布为抛物线近似的条件下，推导出较为简单的ＧＲＩＮ中的光线轨迹方程，并实验测量了ＧＲＩＮ的耦合效率，从而由理论和实验两方面讨论ＧＲＩＮ的聚焦特性。